How common are balked landings?

Balked Landings: A Critical Safety Issue in Aviation

Aborted landings, also known as balked landings, are infrequent but potentially hazardous occurrences in aviation. They necessitate immediate and precise responses from pilots at dangerously low altitudes and airspeeds, requiring exceptional performance under duress.

Frequency of Balked Landings

Balked landings are relatively uncommon events in aviation, accounting for a small percentage of all flight operations. According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the average rate of balked landings for commercial airlines in the United States is approximately 0.2%, or one balked landing for every 500 to 1,000 landings. However, this rate can vary depending on factors such as weather conditions, aircraft type, and airport environment.

Safety Implications

While balked landings are generally rare, they can pose significant safety challenges. At low altitudes and airspeeds, the aircraft’s handling characteristics are reduced, making it difficult to maneuver and maintain control. Moreover, the presence of obstacles, such as buildings, trees, or other aircraft, can further complicate the situation.

Execution of a Balked Landing

The execution of a balked landing requires precise coordination and immediate action from the pilot. Upon recognizing the need for an aborted landing, the pilot must quickly apply full power and raise the nose to gain altitude. This maneuver must be performed smoothly and accurately to avoid a stall or upset.

During the climb out, the pilot must maintain control of the aircraft and situational awareness while also communicating with air traffic control. Proper coordination with air traffic control is crucial to ensure separation from other aircraft and avoid potential conflicts.

Causes of Balked Landings

Balked landings can be caused by various factors, including:

• Pilot error: This includes misjudging the approach or landing, unstable approach profiles, or insufficient situational awareness.
• Weather conditions: Poor visibility, strong winds, or icing can significantly affect the approach and make landing unsafe.
• Aircraft malfunctions: Technical issues with the aircraft’s systems, such as engine failure or flight control problems, can necessitate an aborted landing.
• Airport conditions: Obstacles on the runway, slippery surfaces, or inadequate lighting can pose hazards that warrant a balked landing.

Conclusion

Balked landings are rare but critical events in aviation. They require exceptional pilot performance and precise coordination to ensure the safety of passengers and crew. Understanding the causes, frequency, and execution techniques of balked landings is essential for improving aviation safety and minimizing potential risks. Continuous training, adherence to standard operating procedures, and technological advancements are crucial to further reduce the occurrence and consequences of balked landings.