What is abnormal alignment of the knee?

The Truth About Knock Knees: Understanding Genu Valgum and Its Impact

We often take our ability to walk, run, and jump for granted. But underlying these seemingly simple actions is a complex network of bones, muscles, and joints working in perfect harmony. When this alignment falters, particularly in a key joint like the knee, problems can arise. One common knee misalignment is genu valgum, more commonly known as “knock knees.”

So, what exactly is abnormal alignment of the knee, specifically in the context of genu valgum? Simply put, it’s a condition where the knees angle inward and touch, or nearly touch, while the ankles remain apart. Imagine standing with your feet together – if your knees are pressing against each other while your ankles are separated by a noticeable gap, you likely have genu valgum.

While a slight degree of knock-knee is considered normal in young children, usually resolving by around age seven, persistent or severe genu valgum in older children and adults is a cause for concern. It’s more than just an aesthetic issue; it can have significant long-term consequences for knee health and overall mobility.

The core problem with knock knees lies in the uneven distribution of force on the knee joint. Instead of the weight being evenly distributed across the cartilage, the inner (medial) compartment of the knee bears the brunt of the load. This excessive pressure can lead to several issues:

• Pain: The increased stress on the medial side can cause pain and discomfort, particularly during activities like walking, running, or climbing stairs. This pain might be localized to the inner knee or radiate down the leg.
• Joint Deterioration: Over time, the constant, uneven pressure can damage the cartilage, the smooth, protective tissue that cushions the knee joint. This damage can lead to cartilage thinning and eventually, bone-on-bone contact.
• Premature Knee Osteoarthritis: This cartilage degeneration ultimately paves the way for the early onset of knee osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease characterized by pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. This can significantly impact quality of life and daily activities.

Beyond pain and osteoarthritis, genu valgum can also contribute to other problems like:

• Increased risk of ankle injuries: The abnormal knee alignment can alter biomechanics and increase the likelihood of ankle sprains and instability.
• Hip pain: To compensate for the knee misalignment, individuals might alter their gait, placing undue stress on the hip joint.
• Foot problems: Flat feet or other foot deformities can be associated with genu valgum.

Understanding the impact of knock knees is the first step in addressing the issue. While mild cases might only require supportive measures like orthotics or physical therapy, more severe cases might necessitate surgical intervention to realign the knee joint.

Ultimately, recognizing the symptoms of genu valgum, understanding its potential consequences, and seeking appropriate medical evaluation are crucial for maintaining knee health and preventing long-term complications. Don’t ignore that inward angling of the knees; early intervention can make a significant difference in preserving your mobility and enjoying an active, pain-free life.