Why don't commercial planes fly at 45,000 feet?

Why Commercial Airplanes Don’t Fly Above 45,000 Feet

Commercial airliners soar through the skies, transporting passengers and cargo to destinations far and wide. While these aircraft are marvels of engineering, there is a limit to their operational altitude, and flying above 45,000 feet is not within their capabilities.

Aerodynamic Considerations

As commercial airliners ascend, the air density decreases significantly. At altitudes above 45,000 feet, the air becomes so thin that it provides insufficient lift for the aircraft’s wings. This reduction in lift compromises the plane’s stability and control, making it unsafe to fly at such extreme heights.

Engine Performance

The engines of commercial airliners rely on the dense atmosphere of the lower stratosphere to provide oxygen for combustion. Above 45,000 feet, the air becomes so thin that the engines cannot generate enough thrust to maintain the plane’s altitude and speed. This poses a serious risk of engine stall and potential loss of control.

Structural Integrity

The fuselages of commercial airliners are designed to withstand the pressure and temperature conditions within the lower stratosphere. However, at altitudes above 45,000 feet, the extreme cold and low pressure could damage the aircraft’s structure, compromising its safety and integrity.

Passenger Comfort

At altitudes above 45,000 feet, the air pressure is so low that passengers would require supplemental oxygen to breathe. This would necessitate the use of oxygen masks or pressurized cabins, which would add weight and complexity to the aircraft.

Economic Viability

Operating an aircraft at extreme altitudes requires specialized equipment and training. Fuel consumption also increases significantly due to the reduced air density. These additional costs make it economically unfeasible for commercial airlines to fly at altitudes above 45,000 feet.

Conclusion

While commercial airliners are capable of impressive feats of engineering, they are limited in their operational altitude due to a combination of aerodynamic, engine, structural, passenger comfort, and economic constraints. By adhering to altitude restrictions, commercial airlines can ensure the safety, efficiency, and comfort of their passengers while operating within the limitations of their aircraft’s capabilities.