What is the average train size?

Rolling Giants: Unpacking the Size of a Freight Train in 2023

The image of a long, winding train snaking across the landscape is a familiar one. But how long are these modern-day freight trains, and what factors influence their size?

In 2023, the average freight train length across Class I railroads in the United States, as measured by the median, was a staggering 5,300 feet. That’s roughly one mile long! This impressive length reflects the scale of modern freight transportation, moving vast quantities of goods across the country.

However, this median length is just one piece of the puzzle. The distribution of train lengths reveals a wider range of operational configurations. A significant percentage of trains actually fall below this median length, highlighting the diverse needs and challenges of the industry.

Several factors influence the length of a freight train, including:

• The type of cargo: Trains hauling bulk commodities like coal or grain often have longer trains, as these goods are shipped in large quantities. Trains carrying more sensitive goods like automobiles or manufactured products may be shorter.
• Track capacity and infrastructure: The physical limitations of track capacity, including switches and curves, can affect train lengths. Railroads need to ensure that their trains can safely navigate the tracks without exceeding the capacity limits.
• Demand and scheduling: The volume of goods to be transported and the time constraints of delivery schedules can also influence train length. Longer trains can move more cargo at once, but may require longer loading and unloading times.
• Operational efficiency: Train length is also a factor in optimizing the efficiency of rail operations. Longer trains require fewer locomotives and crews, which can reduce costs.

Therefore, while the median length of a freight train in 2023 was 5,300 feet, this doesn’t tell the whole story. The actual length can vary significantly depending on the specific circumstances, showcasing the dynamic and complex nature of freight train operations.