What type of rail is used in Indian Railways?

Types of Rails Used in Indian Railways

The Indian Railways network is one of the largest in the world, spanning over 68,000 kilometers. To ensure the safe and efficient operation of such a vast network, it is important to use high-quality rails that can withstand the rigors of heavy traffic and varying climatic conditions.

Flat-Footed Rails

The most common type of rail used in Indian Railways is the flat-footed rail. These rails are characterized by their flat bottom surface, which rests directly on the sleepers (crossties). This design provides excellent stability and load distribution, making them suitable for a wide range of track conditions and traffic loads. Flat-footed rails are widely used worldwide and account for approximately 90% of all rail installations.

Double-Headed Rails

Double-headed rails, as the name suggests, have two usable heads (running surfaces). These rails were commonly used in the early days of railway construction, but their usage has declined significantly in recent times. The main advantage of double-headed rails is that they can be inverted when one head becomes worn out, thereby extending their service life. However, the process of inverting rails is time-consuming and labor-intensive, which is why they have been largely replaced by flat-footed rails.

Switch Rails

Switch rails are specialized rails used in turnouts and crossings, where tracks intersect. They are designed to guide trains from one track to another smoothly and safely. Switch rails are typically made of high-strength steel and have a curved shape to facilitate smooth transitions.

Check Rails

Check rails are auxiliary rails placed alongside the running rails on the inside of curves. They prevent trains from derailing by guiding the wheels and keeping them on the track in the event of a lateral shift. Check rails are particularly important on sharp curves and in areas where high-speed trains operate.

Continuous Welded Rails (CWR)

Continuous welded rails (CWR) are long rails that are welded together into continuous sections. They eliminate the joints between individual rails, which can cause noise, vibration, and track degradation. CWR is particularly beneficial in high-speed tracks, where it reduces the risk of derailments and improves ride quality.

Conclusion

The type of rail used in Indian Railways is primarily determined by the track conditions, traffic loads, and operational requirements. Flat-footed rails are the most widely used type due to their stability, load distribution, and ease of maintenance. Double-headed rails are rarely used today, while switch rails, check rails, and CWR are employed in specific track sections to enhance safety and performance. The proper selection and installation of rails are essential for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the Indian Railways network.